List of Techniques

[tempco]

Form Techniques

Comic Strip/Image
- Facial expression
- Consecutive frames show change/movement
- Caption <- text that accompanies the comic/image

Poem/Prose
- Metaphor
- Simile
- Enjambment - two lines of a poem, which is actually one sentence
- Symbolism
- Alliteration/Assonance
- Emotive language
- Rhyme
- Personification
- Repetition
- Onomatopoeia

Newspaper Reports
- Punny headline
- Objective/matter-of-fact tone
- Quotes from authority figures
- Use of images

Feature Articles
- Punny headline
- Subjective/personable tone
- Varied sentence lengths
- Quote or image enlarged and placed in the middle of the article
- Exaggeration/hyperbole (or minimisation)
- Humour/wit

Others
- Diction
o Formal/Informal
o Neutral/Emotive
o Literal/Figurative
- Voice (Imperative, cynical, satirical, etc.)


Visual Techniques

Angle

Background – what is placed at the back of the image

Body Language

Border

Bullet Points

Framing

Font – the size and style of the text; bold, italics, underlining

Foreground – what is placed at the front of the image

Caricature – a drawing that exaggerates the features of its subject, often to parody

Chiaroscuro – the dramatic use of light and dark

Close Up Shot

Clothing/costume – what is worn by the characters

Composition – the way things are arranged and placed in the visual text

Contrast

Colour – this can be symbolic, create contrast, draw attention etc.

Composition

Crane Shot - a camera shot taken from above, similar to bird’s eye view

Cropping

Cutting

Depth – the distance between the foreground and background

Editing – the omission of certain words/images/sounds from the original

Facial Expression - expression on a character’s face to convey emotion

Fade out/in - often used at the beginning/ending of a scene to transition

Focal Lines – same as Vector

Focal Point – where our eyes are drawn to

Focus – the clarity of the image (eg. sharp, blurry etc)

Font – bold, italics, size, typeface, underline

Foreground - the opposite of background, the elements that are at the front of the scene

Frames – this is used in cartoons

Gestures - posturing or movement of the body to express and idea/emotion

Hand held camera

High Angle Shot

Light/Shadow

Hue/Saturation

Lighting – soft, harsh, backlighting

Lines

Logo - symbol of an organisation, company, group, government etc

Long Shot

Low Angle Shot

Manipulation - for example, cutting and pasting a head of someone onto the body of a dog

Medium Shot

Mime – silent acting that depends on gestures rather than words

Mockumentary

Montage

Numbered Points - to create an ordered list, tends to emphasise the importance or priority of each item

Palette – the range of colours used by the composer

Panning

Panorama

Perspective

Point of view shot

Salience – the features which stand out (ie. the focal points)

Shapes

Sign

Size – how small/big something is

Symbolism

Tracking – the camera follows a character’s movement by moving with them

Vector – an object that directs our eyes towards the focal point. E.g. the subject in the visual text is pointing or looking towards a certain direction. Our eyes will follow the direction that they are pointingor looking in.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_technique

LIST OF SYNONYMS to explain impact of composer's craft:

here is a list of effects that may occur as a result of being subjected to the craft of a composer: (hope these are what you are after...)

emphasises
enthrals
focuses
reflects
conveys
stuns
contrasts
stimulates
foreshadows
confuses
manoeuvres
symbolises
represents
entertains
stirs
reinforces
demonstrates
clarifies
explains
creates
perplexes
manipulates
signifies
mimics
troubles
confronts
informs
educates
moves
suggests
shocks
proves
add
justifies
amuses
angers
soothes

hope that is enough to keep you from repeating yourself for a while (although that is a language technique!!).

disco

Little tidbits on formatting:

Underline anything that is published alone eg. books, plays
Use "double quotes" for anything that is published in a series / not alone eg. newspaper articles (underline newspaper names!), single poems, song titles etc.


If you know the name of the composer you can refer to them in any way you like just not colloquially:

"The composer of King Lear.."
"In King Lear, Shakespeare uses.."
"The text is brought into a new light by the author.."
"William Shakespeare's history is alluded to.."

Never EVER use their first name ('William, who wrote King Lear') or spell their name incorrectly.

[sukiyaki]

poems/text/ (not mentioned yet.. )
- personfication
- Onomatopoeia
- repetition
- rhyme

oxymoron, irony, parody, sacasm, satire, jargon .. etc

[JOhnNiLiCiouS]

didactic language and modality

[Dash]

I thought that a truncated sentence was like a sentence out of its place
Something that breaks the rhythm of a poem or speech or whatever...

Its normally by itself (the sentence has its own paragraph)

The Anaphoras and Tricolons are also popular techniques

[tempco]

http://rinkworks.com/words/linguistics.shtml

^ An even more useful link... have fun!

[young_gurl]

Text in Section 1

They could be anything ranging from:
-Lyrics to a song
-A cartoon
-A poem
-A web page
-A comic strip
-A transcript of a speech
-Part of a narrative�K.So be prepared!!

Skills in analyzing visual texts
��Body language, facial expressions and clothing of any people in the text
��Angles of perception high angles low angles long shots
��Framing of a graphic
��Lines of the text are they upright horizontal, circular, clear or confused?
��Any use of colour

Techniques in written texts

��Rhyme- either end rhyme or within line
��Alliteration-repetition of a consonant
��Assonance-repetition of a vowel sound
��Figures of speech- metaphors, similes, personification
��Composer��s tone mode created in the text
��Imagery and symbolism-repeated motifs images of light and colour
��Repetiton- often used in poems for emphasis

Prose Text

��eg newspaper, magazine, extracts from websites speeches tv radio.
�� does the writer use the first person, second or third person. Writing with (I0 engages the audiences and gives a personal touch
�� second person person refers to (you) can also involve the reader
�� the language, is it formal, colloquial, can engage person because it is friendly and personal
�� the tone displays writers feelings for subject, humorous, satirical, angry tone?
��humour �V is it used? Eg irony and satire to persuade the reader
�� Grammatical aspects such as length of sentences use of passive voice or the imperative mood and punctuation.
��Layout can aafect the article or web page, soze fonts, headlines and placement of graphics
Remember when you identify these features you must explain how they convey the writers messages about change

[tempco]

whats the purpose of enjambment?

There are many possible uses for it... it can be used to quicken the pace of the poem, or for specific reasons, eg. in Wordsworth's poetry, it gives the poem the rhythm of human speech.

[amyb]

Enjambment can also be used to add ambiguity to a particular sentence. For example, in Gwen Harwood's 'In the Park', the words 'too late' are broken off from the rest of the sentence. This creates a sense of ambiguity as the responder doesn't know if 'too late' is refering to the woman being able to change her life circumstances, or being 'too late' to change her love for the man, etc.
And yes, it is much more important to be able to correctly describe the grammatical/linguistic devices rather than label them. No marker can mark you down if you say "words that decribe or imitate a certain sound, such as 'ding'" instead of 'onomatopoeia'. You are still naming the device, but you must also say how the onomatopoiea affects the text.

[Skillo]

Another Technique:

Rhythm of the Poem...i.e. Iambic Tetrameter, Iambic Pentameter.

Purpose: Varies greatly, also depends upon interpretation.
I find it can support the conveying of the emotion the composer/subject/character is experiencing.

We're getting a bit specific now...

[MissSavage29]

Here are some techniques used in speeches;

-repetition
-emotion language
-1st person
-directly involing the audience
-tag line
-imagery
-rhetorical questions
-hand movements - gestures etc

if thats the sort of stuff you are refering to i can look at my notes inside cause they're are some more techinuqes in those

[Style Bonus]

By the way, modality is the level of assertion in writing.

High Modality:
"I saw a ghost"

Lower Modality:
"I think I saw a ghost"

Ridiculously low modality:
"I think I may have seen something that could have possibly been a ghost-like figure."

[eling]

when analysing, u also have to take account of the punctuation of the text and explain their uses
eg ellipisis, exclamation, question( declarative or rhetorical) etc
level of language:formal, informal, colloquial
sentence structure:truncated, descriptive
type of sentence: periodic, balanced ..cant remeba
style, tone, sensory features (or sump): olfactory, oral, gustaory etc
also in ads consider the layout, graphics and language..they also use techniques such as name dropping (to associate themselves with somefing famous to make it sound beta)..theres' more but i cant remeba..i'll add more 2 diz site when i type out all the techniques for mah test

Originally posted by young_gurl
Text in Section 1

They could be anything ranging from:
-Lyrics to a song
-A cartoon
-A poem
-A web page
-A comic strip
-A transcript of a speech
-Part of a narrative�K.So be prepared!!

Skills in analyzing visual texts
��Body language, facial expressions and clothing of any people in the text
��Angles of perception high angles low angles long shots
��Framing of a graphic
��Lines of the text are they upright horizontal, circular, clear or confused?
��Any use of colour

Techniques in written texts

��Rhyme- either end rhyme or within line
��Alliteration-repetition of a consonant
��Assonance-repetition of a vowel sound
��Figures of speech- metaphors, similes, personification
��Composer��s tone mode created in the text
��Imagery and symbolism-repeated motifs images of light and colour
��Repetiton- often used in poems for emphasis

Prose Text

��eg newspaper, magazine, extracts from websites speeches tv radio.
�� does the writer use the first person, second or third person. Writing with (I0 engages the audiences and gives a personal touch
�� second person person refers to (you) can also involve the reader
�� the language, is it formal, colloquial, can engage person because it is friendly and personal
�� the tone displays writers feelings for subject, humorous, satirical, angry tone?
��humour �V is it used? Eg irony and satire to persuade the reader
�� Grammatical aspects such as length of sentences use of passive voice or the imperative mood and punctuation.
��Layout can aafect the article or web page, soze fonts, headlines and placement of graphics
Remember when you identify these features you must explain how they convey the writers messages about change

where do u get tat info? is it at the boardofstudies website?
fanx..this is a reallly good thread btw 2 whoeva that started it

[Persephone87]

Rhetorical questions
meter
mimics natural speech patterns
blank verse
PUNCTUATION
italics
diction
vowel sounds

[clerisy]

Originally posted by grimmo
Hey what about techniques found in Advertisments< like In Newspapers and Magazines... just wondering what features are found then. Thanking you! xx

Language features like puns, alliteration, simile, metaphor, first/second/third personetc
Visual features-- certain words may be in bold/italic/different colour/size, look at colours and pictures and also the layout of the text/pics/etc
Also consider broader things such as use/subversion of stereotypes, anecdotal info etc...

With ads, make sure you consider target demographic when analysing...

[silvermoon]

other visual techniques:
vectors, line of sight, colour juxtaposition, superimposition, relation between graphics and text, 'pillaring' of text etc.
also, i guess u need 2 know techniques that are specific to each specific form of poetry - eg. volta for sonnet etc.
its probably also useful to know the proper terms for different rhythmic patterns - anapaest etc.

[*Pooja*]

oooh..how about sibilance? its like alliteration but it involves only the 's' sound - like in 'sun-scorched skins' (if that makes sense at all).

also ppl, when youre looking at visual texts with no words in them at all like in form of captions or something and u want to say something about the colours used, say there's only black, white and grey-scale colours used...does this have significance on the text? i know its too general and will understand if sum1 doesnt understand what im going on about.....

[Kitaiko]

I think syntax means the rules of a language. Eg programming languages have a syntax, so if a line doesnt make sense you get a syntax error.

[Managore]

For images:
lightness/darkness
contrast
direction/position
...yeah, just some ideas

[mushroom_head]

Hey, you know in essays when you put down quotes and then you'd probably say something like "this suggests... " or "this indicates..." or something like that. Can you guys please tell me more ways to say these words cos i realised that i am extremely repetitive.

[Paroissien]

"this highlights how..."
"this demonstrates how..."

[7bonita7]

"this suggests... " or "this indicates..." or something like that. .

k so... we have "demonstrates" "this shows" "this reveals" "this displays" "this designates" "this signifies" (sorry cant spell)
umm thats all i can think of. and look they wont care if you use the same thing, i know it sounds ridiculous to you when you read over it but thats cause its your own work.
so just chillax
goodluck

[xeriphic]

"this implies how"
"this connotes how"

[mushroom_head]

would you usually say this 'this connotes', or 'this denotes'? i have difficulty distinguishing b/w the two lol

[disco_dave]

here is a list of effects that may occur as a result of being subjected to the craft of a composer: (hope these are what you are after...)

emphasises
enthrals
exemplifies
focuses
reflects
conveys
stuns
contrasts
stimulates
foreshadows
confuses
manoeuvres
symbolises
represents
entertains
stirs
reinforces
demonstrates
clarifies
explains
creates
perplexes
manipulates
signifies
mimics
troubles
confronts
informs
educates
moves
suggests
shocks
proves
add
justifies
amuses
angers
soothes

hope that is enough to keep you from repeating yourself for a while (although that is a language technique!!).

disco

[Shuter]

"studies show that"
"consumer focus groups agree that"
"our best testing indicates that"
"market trends forcast that"
"9/10 students agree that"
"my personal trainer states, and my doctor agrees that"