For your second question:
Let z = {\rm cis\,} \theta.
{\rm cis \,} 4\theta + 1 = ({\rm cis\,} 2\theta - \sqrt2{\rm cis\,}\theta + 1)({\rm cis\,} 2\theta + \sqrt2{\rm cis\,}\theta + 1)
Note:
\begin{aligned} ({\rm cis\,} 2\theta + \sqrt2{\rm cis\,}\theta + 1) &=[(\cos 2\theta + 1 +...