currysauce
Actuary in the making
This doesn't include the option topics, sorry. Also these are basic summaries - good for answers in the HSC:
Walter Sutton
Sutton studied grasshopper cells and came to the conclusion that each chromosome is unique and that they halve during meiosis. Each also keeps its character throughout division.
Theodor Boveri
Came to a similar conclusion to Sutton, in that no chromosomes are the same, and that a full set of chromosomes is required for development, and thus is restored during fertilisation.
Sutton and Boveri chromosome hypothesis: chromosomes carry genes (the hereditary units) and they occur in pairs.
Rosalin Franklin
Carried out X-Ray crystallography to discover the double helix nature of the DNA molecule.
Maurice Wilkins
Studied large molecules and supplied Watson and Crick with Franklin's discoveries (without her knowledge - bastard).
James Watson / Francis Crick
Both worked together to model the structure of DNA, and suggested the double helix nature. They also suggested the complementary pairing of bases.
Charles Darwin / Alfred Wallace
Both unknowlingly came to the same conclusion that organisms change over time; described by the Theory of Evolution by the mechanism of Natural Selection.
Gregor Mendel
Carried out a huge number of experiments with the pea plant (P. sativum) to investigate the inheritance of characteristics. He studied 7 different factors (now known as traits) and performed many monohybrid crosses to come. F1 he crossed pure breeding plants for, say, Tall and Short, and found all were tall. He then took 2 plants from that experiment and crossed them, he found a 3:1 relationship. He suggested that traits can be either dominant or recessive (alleles) and are discrete units. Anything else is just filler.
Louis Pasteur / Robert Koch
Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation, and provided a clear link between diseases and microbes with his various anthrax experiments with cattle. His also performed his famous 'swan'-necked experiment. Put forward the Germ Theory of Disease.
Koch put forward his postulates, which help identify the causative agent of an infectious disease. Simply:
1. Target organism must be present
2. A pure culture is required
3. A healthy organism is innoculated and must cause same symptoms
4. Attempt to re-isolate and grow an identical culture
George Beadle / Edward Tatum
Put forward their, 'One gene - one polypeptide', hypothesis after drawing conclusions from experiments where they subjected bread mould to x-rays. They found that after x-rays were subjected, the mould could not grow, they first said that the gene altered meant that a specific amino acid was not produced, so this built their case for the one gene - one enzyme' hypothesis. This was later changed due to all enzymes being proteins (thus polypeptides), but not vice versa.
Thomas Morgan
Helped develop our understanding about sex linkage with his work with Fruit Flies. He performed crosses with red/white eyed flies to show that the Mendellian ratio's were not being followed.
I tried
.
Walter Sutton
Sutton studied grasshopper cells and came to the conclusion that each chromosome is unique and that they halve during meiosis. Each also keeps its character throughout division.
Theodor Boveri
Came to a similar conclusion to Sutton, in that no chromosomes are the same, and that a full set of chromosomes is required for development, and thus is restored during fertilisation.
Sutton and Boveri chromosome hypothesis: chromosomes carry genes (the hereditary units) and they occur in pairs.
Rosalin Franklin
Carried out X-Ray crystallography to discover the double helix nature of the DNA molecule.
Maurice Wilkins
Studied large molecules and supplied Watson and Crick with Franklin's discoveries (without her knowledge - bastard).
James Watson / Francis Crick
Both worked together to model the structure of DNA, and suggested the double helix nature. They also suggested the complementary pairing of bases.
Charles Darwin / Alfred Wallace
Both unknowlingly came to the same conclusion that organisms change over time; described by the Theory of Evolution by the mechanism of Natural Selection.
Gregor Mendel
Carried out a huge number of experiments with the pea plant (P. sativum) to investigate the inheritance of characteristics. He studied 7 different factors (now known as traits) and performed many monohybrid crosses to come. F1 he crossed pure breeding plants for, say, Tall and Short, and found all were tall. He then took 2 plants from that experiment and crossed them, he found a 3:1 relationship. He suggested that traits can be either dominant or recessive (alleles) and are discrete units. Anything else is just filler.
Louis Pasteur / Robert Koch
Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation, and provided a clear link between diseases and microbes with his various anthrax experiments with cattle. His also performed his famous 'swan'-necked experiment. Put forward the Germ Theory of Disease.
Koch put forward his postulates, which help identify the causative agent of an infectious disease. Simply:
1. Target organism must be present
2. A pure culture is required
3. A healthy organism is innoculated and must cause same symptoms
4. Attempt to re-isolate and grow an identical culture
George Beadle / Edward Tatum
Put forward their, 'One gene - one polypeptide', hypothesis after drawing conclusions from experiments where they subjected bread mould to x-rays. They found that after x-rays were subjected, the mould could not grow, they first said that the gene altered meant that a specific amino acid was not produced, so this built their case for the one gene - one enzyme' hypothesis. This was later changed due to all enzymes being proteins (thus polypeptides), but not vice versa.
Thomas Morgan
Helped develop our understanding about sex linkage with his work with Fruit Flies. He performed crosses with red/white eyed flies to show that the Mendellian ratio's were not being followed.
I tried
.
helps heaps now.