Ok i just did Q8, here are the solutions:
a) (ok i'm not so good at probability, so i'm not certain that this is correct, can someone please verify this?)
i)9P3
ii) Ok now consider one particular code, the prob that the numbers are increasing (i.e. 123) is 1/6, so the prob that it isn't increasing is 5/6.
.'. there are 5/6*9P3 codes where the number order isn't increasing.
b)
i) simply differentiate, get it as one fraction, then factorise the numerator.
ii) f'(x) = ((1-cosx)/(2+cosx))^2, .'. gradient is always positive.
stationary pt where cosx=1
x = 0.
subbing into f(x) gives 0.
'.' at x=0, y=0, and f'(x) is always positive for x>0:
f(x) > 0
x - (3sinx)/(2+cosx) > 0
x > (3sinx)/(2+cosx)
c)
i) sin(2r+1)@ - sin(2r-1)@ = 2sin@cos2r@ from sum to product rule.
2sin@((sum r=1-->n)cos2r@) = sin3@ - sin@ + sin5@ - sin3@ +...+ sin(2n+1)@ - sin2n@
= sin(2n+1)@ - sin@ (as everything else cancels)
ii) sin@((sum r=1-->n)cos2r@) = sin(2n+1)@ - sin@
(sum r=1-->n)(cos2r@)^2 = (sin(2n+1)@ - sin@)^2/(sin@)^2
now let n=100 and @=pi/200:
(sum r=1-->100)(cosr*pi/100)^2 = (sin(201*pi/200) - sin(pi/200))^2/(sin(pi/200))^2
Nothing like a bit of maths before hitting the clubs.