These are called literary critical perspectives.
There are many different ranges of reading texts.
Including:
Postcolonial critism
feminist
Marxist
psychoanalytic
deconstructionism
etc.
they are ways of reading and interpreting different texts and are referred to as critical theories.
In relation to Othello the play. you could have a feminist way of reading it, as one of the issues in the book is The role of women. The values that are held towards marriage in the Elizabethan period as compared to in the modern era for one example. feminist readings really deal with gender roles in particular
search on the internet for 'literary critism' and you will get plenty of answers, hope i helped you a bit.
alyce. x
