idk refluxing made up like 6 marks of last years paper, doubt it'll be on esterification pracs.
agreed on the eutrophication/water quality prac questions, which is unfortunate since i was away when we did them in class haha just my luck
The pracs are simple. Most take like 2 seconds.
You have to elaborate on what i've written below, but in simple terms.
Water Hardness - chuck soap flakes in soft water and hard water. Soft water = froth, Hard water = small powder (scum aka calcium stearate) at bottom of test tube. Titration with EDTA (also not done by most schools, just got to know the ratio is 1:1, ratio of Calcium ions to EDTA ions
Turbidity - using a turbidity column, pour water in until you cannot see the "X" at the bottom, read of measurement on the column.
pH - pH meter or pH probe attached to a data logger.
Ions - precipitation
BOD - Gather water, measure the dissolved oxygen concentration. Place in brown blag, place in the dark for 5 days. Measure DO again, difference in DO levels = BOD.
Total Dissolved Solids - using a conductivity meter or evaporation of water sample.
DO - using oxygen sensitive electrode or Winkler titration (titration which you do not do at school, too long and complex)