bio question (1 Viewer)

[stressedadfff]

for strand two isnt c and g suppose to be of equal amounts tho

 

[zizi2003_]

for strand two isnt c and g suppose to be of equal amounts thoView attachment 32430

how can cytosine pair with guanine on the same strand?

cytosine from strand 1 pairs with guanine from strand 2. This is why C in strand 1 and G in strand 2 are both 21%. C on strand 1 would be 34 (equal to G on strand 2 coz it pairs with it) and T on strand 1 would be 29 (by subtracting 16+34+21 from a 100). Similarly, A on strand 2 would be 29 and T on strand 2 would be 16.

 

[stressedadfff]

how can cytosine pair with guanine on the same strand?

cytosine from strand 1 pairs with guanine from strand 2. This is why C in strand 1 and G in strand 2 are both 21%. C on strand 1 would be 34 (equal to G on strand 2 coz it pairs with it) and T on strand 1 would be 21 (by subtracting 16+34+21 from a 100). Similarly, A on strand 2 would be 29 and T on strand 2 would be 16.

on shit im so dumb frick THANK YOUU

 

[Eagle Mum]

on strand 1 would be 21 (by subtracting 16+34+21 from a 100). Similarly, A on strand 2 would be 29 and T on strand 2 would be 16.

Great explanation. Just one typo - the highlighted number should be 29, as you‘ve alluded in the next sentence.

 

[stressedadfff]

Great explanation. Just one typo - the highlighted number should be 29, as you‘ve alluded in the next sentence.

hey @Eagle Mum i was wonderinf if you knew anything about the how vaccines for non-infectious diseases would be designed to trigger immune responses e.g. against breast cancer cells? since it wont contain a virus/pathogen to create an immune response?

 

[zizi2003_]

Great explanation. Just one typo - the highlighted number should be 29, as you‘ve alluded in the next sentence.

Whoops. Thank you! I have corrected it now

 

[Eagle Mum]

hey @Eagle Mum i was wonderinf if you knew anything about the how vaccines for non-infectious diseases would be designed to trigger immune responses e.g. against breast cancer cells? since it wont contain a virus/pathogen to create an immune response?

The vaccines target tumour specific antigens (TSAs) which are antigens produced solely, or at least much (much) more, by cancer cells. They are often proteins that have had some function during embryonic development but are no longer required so their production is switched off, but because cancer is a state of abnormal growth, some silenced proteins are expressed again.

There are a lot of circulating antigens produced mostly by specific cancer cells such as carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA), alphafetoprotein (AFP), CA125, CA19.9, but none of them are absolutely specific to either the tissue/organ nor cancer. I don’t know if any of them are the target(s) of vaccines or whether the pharmaceutical companies have focused only on antigens that remain bound to the surface of cancer cells.

 

[stressedadfff]

The vaccines target tumour specific antigens (TSAs) which are antigens produced solely, or at least much (much) more, by cancer cells. They are often proteins that have had some function during embryonic development but are no longer required so their production is switched off, but because cancer is a state of abnormal growth, some silenced proteins are expressed again.

There are a lot of circulating antigens produced mostly by specific cancer cells such as carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA), alphafetoprotein (AFP), CA125, CA19.9, but none of them are absolutely specific to either the tissue/organ nor cancer. I don’t know if any of them are the target(s) of vaccines or whether the pharmaceutical companies have focused only on antigens that remain bound to the surface of cancer cells.

thank youuu