Memories haunt Asia on WWII anniversary
05:47 AEST Mon Aug 15 2005
AAP
AP - Still stinging with anger and sorrow, Asians have marked the 60th anniversary of Japan's World War II surrender by honouring their dead, burning Rising Sun flags and demanding compensation amid rekindled tensions between Japan and the countries it invaded.
The occasion inspired a rare joint commemoration between North and South Korea, and spurred protesters in Hong Kong to burn Japan's flag and march on Tokyo's consulate chanting: "Down with Japanese imperialism!"
In the Philippines, now-elderly women - once forced to act as sex slaves for Imperial Army troops - renewed demands for compensation and apologies, while former Australian prisoners of war returned to the Thai jungles where they laboured under the blazing sun to build the notorious Death Railway.
China exhorted its citizens to remember Tokyo's surrender on August 15, 1945, with "a fresh wave of patriotism", as state-run media whipped up memories of Japanese atrocities.
The outpouring of emotion reveals unhealed wounds in Asia 60 years after Japan's Emperor Hirohito conceded defeat in a radio broadcast, days after US bombers incinerated the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with atomic bombs.
Asia marks the anniversary as Japan's relations with its neighbours are in their most frayed condition in decades, amid complaints that Tokyo has not properly atoned for brutally colonising much of the region in the 1930s and 40s.
"I can accept the fact that the young generation of Japanese is not to blame. It was their fathers and grandfathers. But until they own up, they'll always be a pariah nation," said 84-year-old Baden Jones, an Australian former POW who was honouring fallen comrades at ceremonies in Kanchanaburi, Thailand, where many of the 12,000 POWs who died building Japan's jungle railway were laid to rest.
Bitterness runs especially deep in China, where nationwide riots erupted earlier this year over Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni war shrine - which deifies Japan's war dead, including convicted war criminals - and Tokyo's approval of history textbooks, which critics say gloss over wartime atrocities.
Further straining regional ties have been concerns over North Korea's nuclear weapons program and disputes between Japan and China over resource-rich islands and gas drilling in a contested area of the East China Sea.
The sense of victims' solidarity extended across the Cold War's last frontier as a delegation of about 200 North Koreans arrived in Seoul to pay a first-ever visit to a cemetery in the South where Korean War dead are buried.
Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910. While the war's end brought liberation, it also led to the peninsula's division. Among the reconciliation events planned was a soccer match, which South Korea won 3-0.
"We've proposed the visit to remember the many who died for Korea's liberation," North Korean delegation head Kim Chi Nam told the South's unification minister, Chung Dong-young, in a meeting at a Seoul hotel, according to pooled news reports.
Thousands of kilometres away in the Philippines, Lili-Pilipina, a group of women allegedly forced into prostitution by Imperial Army troops, demanded that Tokyo compensate them.
While some have accepted payments from the privately run Asian Women's Fund, the women want official compensation and acknowledgement from the Japanese government.
Tokyo has generally refused to pay damages to individuals for the war, saying the issue was settled between governments in postwar treaties. Japanese courts have rejected a number of lawsuits brought by former sex slaves.
In China's anniversary events, national religious associations plan rites condemning aggression and praying for peace, the official Xinhua News Agency said.
The north-eastern city of Qiqihar plans an exhibit commemorating the death of a Chinese man two years ago from a mustard gas canister abandoned by Japan's Imperial Army, the China Youth Daily reported. The leak injured another 42 people.
Japan invaded China in 1931. Its troops massacred as many as 300,000 people after taking the city of Nanjing in December 1937, and Japanese scientists performed germ warfare experiments on Chinese prisoners.
Looming over this year's remembrances will be the Yasukuni shrine that honours Japan's war dead, including war prime minister Hideki Tojo.
Speculation is mounting that Koizumi could visit there soon to commemorate the end of WWII - an act that would enrage China and the Koreas.
Taku Yamasaki, former vice-president of Koizumi's ruling Liberal Democratic Party, said he didn't think Koizumi would visit on the sensitive date.
"More people are realising the importance of good diplomatic relations with our neighbouring countries," he said.
But Koizumi, who has pledged to make annual shrine visits, is overdue for one - he last bowed his head there in January last year. He faces parliamentary elections next month and needs to bolster support among conservative voters.
On Friday, he said he's make "the appropriate decision when the time comes".
North Korea decried the shrine visits as a sign of resurgent Japanese militarism.
"These militarist forces are directly exercising increasing influence on shaping policies," the country's state-run Korean Central News Agency said in a commentary.
"It is quite natural for Japan to be called a 'political dwarf' and 'politically minor country' which does not know where it stands."