Hehe...last year I would not believe that I would know the answer to this--technically this is a fairly simple way of looking at it--inflation makes Australia's goods more expensive==> other countries are more reluctant to buy them==> decreases our 'international competitiveness'==> becomes likely that we will spend more on imports than we get on exports==> increases our CAD and therefore foreign debt...
I think its also important to add that the most important effect of inflation on the au economy is its restriction to economic growth - because tighter monetary policy must be used to curtail inflation, which in turn contracts growth.
inflation will also impact on exchange rates........that is one of the most important effects of inflation simply due to the fact that the exchange rate has such a large impact on virtually everything