19) A - Think of the policy interest rate corridor diagram as the cash rate increases from C1 to C2. An increase in the target will lower ES supply as banks are less incentivised to keep their money in ES accounts.
20) B - Discretionary reform policies are changes made deliberately by the Aus government to the structural components of the economy. A would not be considered expansionary and C is a red herring (in general terms, decreased competition means higher prices in the domestic market and therefore less AD, which is contractionary). Not D as it is cyclical and non-discretionary.
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