Early scholars saw him as debauched and slothful, weak and degenerate; later scholars are more balanced, trying to judge him in the Persian context of his day.
P.Green (The Greco-Persian Wars, Berkeley, 1996) sums up the position: “Our traditional picture of Xerxes is a caricature, put together from hostile, and faintly contemptuous, Greek propaganda. We see him as…a cowardly despot ruled by his women and his eunuchs…cruel in victory, spineless in defeat. Persian sources…reveal a very different man. Tall, regal and handsome he stands in the Persepolis reliefs, and his proclamations have a ringing dignity which echoes down the ages…”
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