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I did understand that 60 for 4U maths doesn’t correspond to an ATAR of 60 - aggregating the ten best units is the same as during my time. The bit I‘m unclear about is whether the aligned mark for maths Extn 2 is further scaled before being added to the aggregate from which the ATAR is calculated.

Yes, but because the final mark & ATAR are all important for competitive Uni entry, this acts as a disincentive for students to study maths extn 2. No wonder a past HSC maths chief examiner bemoans (in another forum) how the scaling system encourages able mathematicians to choose easier options...

Deleted my original post as I checked the database for alignment - seems like a raw score of 45% for a very tough subject is undervalued.

It depends on whether the substitution of nucleotide(s) causes an amino acid substitution. If so, then it also depends on how similar/dissimilar the amino acids are (within the same dibasic, neutral, acidic group?) and whether a disulfide bridge is destroyed or created. Even if there is no amino...

It’s not a paradox - just a bit more complex. There are >2000 identified variants in the CFTR gene and >300 of these cause cystic fibrosis. The most common mutation (deltaF508, HGVS name c.1521_1523delCTT), which I think you are referring to, is a deletion of three nucleotides, so one crucial...

Whilst many organisms are purely pathogenic to humans (disease causing) and the severity of illness depends on host factors, there are also organisms that are usually commensal (colonise the host without causing disease), but under certain conditions, can become pathogenic. Examples are some of...

This article (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2011/369573/) discusses some relevant issues regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). -Genetic Contamination/Interbreeding -Competition with Natural Species -Increased Selection Pressure on Target and Nontarget Organisms -Ecosystem...

I think the question is poorly worded because the two models aren’t ‘different’. The old model still applies - it’s incorporated into a more complex new model which takes into account that there are many, many crossovers, so co-inheritance or separation of traits are based on linkage...

Test accuracy comprises sensitivity & specificity which affect positive and negative predictive values of results. It’s often quite easy to prove non paternity. A male with blood type O cannot have fathered a child with AB blood type unless the mother of the child has AB type as well, but it is...

On further consideration of the last question, it may also be appropriate to explicitly state that the desirable traits may be encoded in the autosomal as well as sex chromosomes, so that the frequency of autosomal alleles can also be increased by this process, to show that it is understood that...

Sexual selection refers to how members of each gender select their mates. If within a population/community, the majority of the members of a gender conclude that particular phenotype(s) in the other gender are desirable, then by selecting mates with those phenotype(s)/gene variant(s) for...

“4. Find the maxima / minima, usually by calculus, by sometimes by other methods (such as for the vertex in the above case).” This looks like a good opportunity to demonstrate to those who learn maths as discrete topics how properties are interconnected. For the general parabola equation y=...

1) Deleterious/highly pathogenic mutations, as the first term implies, may be lethal to the affected individual before they reach reproductive age, or may affect their ability to reproduce (for example congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens in individuals with milder, less lethal...

@Leadmen4y, most of the statements in your response are spot on and quite impressive, but I suggest a slight change: ‘it is appropriate to infer that F1 alleles are derived, by both maternal and paternal contributions, from the parental generation of pure plants lines which were respectively...

I suspect from this statement about yourself that you can do 5.3 & 3U if you put in the effort. Self directed learning can be a very successful strategy. To close the gap between 5.2 and 5.3, you may not necessarily need to do all the exercises with repetitive questions. Try a 5.3 revision book...

Sodium thiosulfate is a salt. In the presence of sulfuric or other strong acid, it decomposes and the elemental sulfur is seen as the precipitate, but the reaction is classified as a decomposition reaction.

Q10d is the same function as one in the thread immediately before your’s, where it was asked how the variance of this function could be determined. https://boredofstudies.org/threads/how-would-you-find-the-variance-using-this-formula.395126/

Attaining Band 8 in NAPLAN in all literacy & numeracy sections is also a prerequisite. Did you miss the NAPLAN assessment in Yr 9?

This may, in part, be a self reinforcing phenomena, whereby the most capable and motivated students aim for the higher ranking schools so these schools have their pick of the higher calibre students and maintain their high rank. On an individual level, travel distance has been/is the predominant...

I thought I’d set out the solution for Q1 as @B1 and B2 has described: Given that the sum of two roots is the third root, let the roots be a, b, a+b Then the factors of this cubic polynomial are (x-a)(x-b)(x-(a+b)) (x-a)(x-b)(x-(a+b)) = x^3 - 4x^2 + 2x + 4 Expanding the LHS: [x^2 - (a+b)x +...